Bridge course: Dryden' s essay on Dramatic poesy

Dryden' s essay on Dramatic poesy

    This blog is a crafted response to Dr. Dilip Sir barad. This task is about the bridge course: Dryden's Essay on Dramatic Poesy. In this blog, discuss about John Dryden's essay on Dramatic poesy .

                John Dryden

        

    John Dryden was an English poet , literary critic, translater and playwright. He was born on 19 August 1631, and died 12 may 1700. He is seen as dominating the literary life of restoration England to such a point that the period come to be known in literature as the age of Dryden. His most famous essay is essay of dramatic poesy .

          

         John Dryden as critical :-   

   

    John Dryden was a considered major english literary critic. Dryden helped establish literary criticism as a serious field. Before him, people don't write much about how to judge literature. He started writing essay and explained how evaluate literary works.

     He believed a critic's wasn't just to say any work was good or bad . But critics should understand what the author was trying to do . In his essay Dryden compared english plays with the French and ancient play.

Dryden as father of English criticism :-

   Dryden was considered as father of English criticism . Also samual Johnson called Dryden the "The father of English criticism". Because Dryden was first critic who seriously analyze and judge english literature. Here's why samual Johnson praised Dryden in this regard :

•  First literary critic 
• Clear writing style 
• Interest for classical principal 
• Influence on other writers 

John Dryden was the first person to write or judge literary work. Dryden's works contributed to the English literature. He is interested in the ancient Greek and Roman writers . He believed english literature should follow their principles and structure. Dryden was good at writing poetry, plays and essays. Dryden's ideas and style influence the writer's who came after him. Because of those reasons John Dryden was called " Father of English criticism".

Defination of Tragedy by Aristotle and definition of play by Dryden:-

 

 Aristotle definition of Tragedy:-

     

   " An imitation of an action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with artistic ornaments, through pity and fear effecting the proper catharsis of these emotions".

Dryden's definition of a play :-

      " A play that depicts serious and important events, aiming to evoke emotions such as pity and fear and to provide both delight and moral instruction to mankind".

     Aristotle defined tragedy as a serious story in a way that make audience feel emotions like pity and fear. It's help people clear these emotions, it is a ' catharsis .'

Aristotle's work affects the audience emotional.

     

        On other hand Dryden saw tragedy as serious play, but he added that play is also for entertaining and 

teach something valuable. He agreed that Tragedies make people feel pity and fear , but also give moral lesson.

      So, while Aristotle focused on emotional way and Dryden focus on moral things . 

personal preference, would you side with ancient or the modern?

       Ancient or modern play both are interesting but I where choose between ancient or modern play I'll choose modern play . 

          I am with modern play because modern plays and playwright experiments with different forms, tone and themes. In modern plays actors performed all scenes on stage. Modern plays which praised by Dryden. Modern play allows for more creativity, mixing humor with tragedy and also use technology. Modern play are based on current issues , modern language and new creative ideas. Play are not only for evoke emotions but it is for entertainment, education or learn moral values.

Argument presented in favor of French plays and against english plays :-

French and English plays, particularly from the classical and early modern periods, present themes like death, fight. Here discuss about french plays and english plays argument.

French plays :-

       French play was portrayed and use of some elements like death, fight etc.

Death:-

      French classical tragedy, influenced by playwright like racine and corneille they treats death with a Focus on honer , fate and personal virtue.

Fight :-

     In french classical theater , french plays fights are less common and not in very detailed. They focus more on the characters thought and feelings.

  Armies :-   

  French plays often describe large battles or Armies with words instead of showing them. They use dialogue and storytelling.

English play :-

  Death :-

       In english plays explored death in a different of way , death is often central to the story and deep emotions. For example Shakespeare's most of work are based on death.

Fight :-

    English plays include theatre characters fight. These are choreographed to be dramatic, even swords are not real . For example, Macbeth is performed on stage and actors fight on stage .

Armies :-

      In english plays, a few actors might represent a large army. They use sound, movement like there are many soldiers.

Conclusion :-

          John Dryden was an important figure in english literary criticism in 17 th century. His essay " An essay of dramatic poesy ", he compared the English plays to ancient Greek and Roman. And he helped how people evaluate literature.

Thank you 

Movie screening of MACBETH.

   Movie screening of "Macbeth "

      This blog is assigned by Dr. Dilip sir Barad. This blog is about the movie screening of MACBETH. In this blog discuss about the how original play is different from play performance.

     Macbeth is Tragedy written by William Shakespeare. Macbeth published in the year 1623 . Macbeth is a Shakespearean tragedy. Here write about the movie screening of MACBETH.

Macbeth movie screening :-

Play Performance of Macbeth is Faithful to the Original Play :-

            In the theatre screening, the characters used the language that Shakespeare used in his original play Macbeth . They followed Shakespearean language and rules, and all the dialogue and script were based on the original play 'Macbeth'. However, some parts were cut out. In the performance, King Duncan's murder scene was not performed on stage, but other key scenes, such as Macbeth meeting the witches, Lady Macbeth's sleepwalking, Malcolm’s escape, and Banquo's murder, were performed on stage.

        Shakespeare's Macbeth talks about power and ambition, and this is the central theme in the play. In the screening, power and ambition were also the central themes. The play performance of Macbeth was sometimes faithful and sometimes not faithful to the original play.

Watching the play influenced perception of the characters, situations and themes :-

           Watching a play can lead to a deeper understanding of characters, situations, and themes. For example,

Characters:-

          In a stage performance, we can observe the characters' expressions and body language, which can enhance our understanding of them far better than just reading about them. For instance, in a stage production of Macbeth, we can see Macbeth's expressions and how his desire for power and ambition are portrayed. Similarly, Lady Macbeth's expressions and emotions are clearly visible in a live performance, providing deeper insight into her character.

Situation :-

         Watching the play allows us to see how characters interact with each other. For example, Macbeth's hallucinations about Banquo's ghost show how he acts, which isn't as clear when just reading the play. Seeing this scene performed makes it more real and impactful.

Themes :-

         When watching the play, the main theme of ambition is strongly highlighted. We see how Macbeth becomes mad with ambition, which is emphasized in the performance.

Aesthetic delight while watching the play :-

             Yes, I did experience aesthetic delight while watching the play. One of the most striking moments was during the scenes where Macbeth’s overwhelming ambition was portrayed. This was particularly evident in the conversation between him and Lady Macbeth. We can see how desperate he is to achieve his goals, and how this desperation turns into aggression, making it clear why he was so afraid.Because Macbeth feared that his power was incomplete, he decided to kill Banquo. Among his fears was the fact that one of Banquo’s sons was still alive, which is why that son had to run away.

        Another scene that stands out is when Lady Macbeth sleepwalks. She is unable to control herself during the sleepwalking episode. She repeatedly washes her hands because she believes the king’s blood is still on them. She uses many perfumes, but the smell won’t go away.

       Another powerful scene is when Banquo’s ghost appears. The way Macbeth behaves almost like he’s going mad, makes this scene especially impactful. All of these moments provide a strong sense of aesthetic delight.

 Catharsis while or after watching the play , when and why ?

        Yes, I felt catharsis when Lady Macbeth began to sleepwalk because of her fear and guilt over the murder of King Duncan, which she and Macbeth committed. She struggles with her guilt and tries to wash imaginary blood from her hands. In the end, she succumbs to suicide.

         Another powerful scene is when Macbeth hears about the death of Lady Macbeth. He says, "Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow." In this moment, he experiences deep regret. His realization comes too late to change his fate. His ambition and thirst for power face a harsh reality. This scene provides a strong sense of catharsis in Macbeth.

How did the screening of the play enhance your understanding of the play compared to reading the text?

          Watching a play on screen makes it easier to understand. You can see things like the sets, costumes, and the actors' performances, which show the emotions and help you grasp the characters' lines better. When you read a book, it's harder to picture what the characters are feeling or doing. But on screen, you can easily see the characters' intentions, tone, and actions.

If I was director, what changes would I do consider making in a screening of play performance ?

       When I directed the screening of the play adaptation of Macbeth, I used various technologies to make it more interesting.I used lighting, sound effects, and different camera angles to enhance the experience.For Macbeth's death scene, I used darkness and light to show that ambition can be positive, but when it controls you, it leads to your downfall.I also added music and some funny lines to make the movie more engaging.

Symbolism of the scenes involving the witches in relation to Macbeth's ambitious actions and plot of the play :-

The witches' prophecies provoke Macbeth's desire to become king. Their predictions push him to commit terrible acts. In the play, the witches are used as supernatural elements, showing the evil inside Macbeth. The witches use their prophecies to influence him, and these predictions fuel his ambition to become king. Because of his intense ambition, he ends up killing many people. Therefore, the witches play a key role in driving Macbeth’s ambition to be king because of their prophecies.

The symbolic significance I. Act 1 &4 involving the three witches 

      In Macbeth the scenes with the witches in act 1 and act 4 are of symbolism :-

    Act 1 :-  

        The scene opens with the witches during a storm, symbolizing the disorder that is to come. Their conversation with Macbeth is mysterious. The witches say, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair," meaning that what looks good might actually be bad, and what seems bad might actually be good. The witches symbolize the idea of fate and the power of manipulation. They influence Macbeth and indirectly control him.

    Act 4 :-

          In Act 4, the witches play a key role in pushing the story forward. The witches give Macbeth more prophecies. He starts to believe that no one can kill him, and that he and his descendants will become kings. The witches manipulate him, leading to his downfall. For example, the witches tell him that "no one born of a woman can kill him." This gives Macbeth overconfidence, making him believe he is invincible, which ultimately leads to his downfall.

What ways does the motif of 'blood ' as a symbol in Macbeth:- 

    After killing King Duncan, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both feel intense guilt. When Macbeth kills Duncan, he has blood on his hands. Similarly, Lady Macbeth also has blood on her hands. Later, she feels so guilty that she believes her hands still smell of blood. Her obsession with trying to wash away the imagined blood and the smell leads her to sleepwalk and become increasingly mad. Despite using many perfumes, the scent of blood does not disappear. The blood symbolizes the violence of Macbeth's actions and the deep guilt that follows.

Conclusion :-

        In the Macbeth screening, we find that the theater production is similar to the original text because the characters use the language that Shakespeare wrote. In the screening, we see the clear intentions of the characters and how they deliver their dialogue, as well as how the scenes are portrayed. The play explores themes of ambition, guilt, and power, and it ends with Macbeth’s downfall.

Preface to Lyrical ballad by William Wordsworth

 

    This blog was crafted in response to an assignment by Dr. Dilip sir Barad. In this blog William Wordsworth's preface to Lyrical ballad. 

  

William Wordsworth :-

   William Wordsworth ( Born:- 7 April 1770 , Died 23 April 1850) is poet and also critic, he is known as lake poet. He and Samuel Taylor Coleridge write "LYRICAL BALLADS". 

Here , in this blog discuss about the preface of Lyrical ballad by William Wordsworth.In the 'Preface to Lyrical ballad '. William Wordsworth explain his views on poetry.

He believes poetry should reflect ordinary life and emotions, focusing on natural feelings rather than artistic. Here, discuss about the preface to Lyrical ballad. And discuss some statement.

Why does Wordsworth ask " what is a poet "? rather than Who is a poet "?

     Wordsworth ask "what is a poet ? rather than who is poet ? " In his preface to Lyrical ballads. He write that poet is a man speaking to man, not different from the other man. Endowed with more lively sensibility. Wordsworth is more interested in understanding what make someone a poet , rather than who write poems. Wordsworth is asking about the talent and quality that make a person a true poet, like their connection with nature and their emotion and ability to express emotions in a powerful way .

What is poetic diction ? What types of poetic diction does Wordsworth suggest ?

         Poetic diction is choice of words.Choice of words which then lends a unique style for each Indian poet or author. The term diction to the kind of words, phrases, sentences and figurative language that constitute any work of literature. particular poet choose hos or her own language.

          William Wordsworth, in his preface to Lyrical ballads, argues that poet should use the everyday language rather than complex language in poetry. In biographia literature, there is an extensive section of Coleridge 's poetic diction where he actually questions that Wordsworth that what do you actually mean by language really used by men which Wordsworth answered that he finds humble and the rustic life. They connect with nature so, they are live with nature and they emotionally connect with that life . And also Wordsworth connect with nature so he thinks that poetry should be written in natural style , so people understand easily. Poetry should be about ordinary experiences and feelings, rather than artificial themes .

      

How does Wordsworth define poetry? Defination related to his poetic philosophy .

         Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings : it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.

               

                         -  William Wordsworth 

   

          He believes that poetry is a way to express these intense feelings and connect with others through them. In a way hfe seems to be taking the focus away from classical and neoclassical, focus on drama to something which is more closer to romantic. Wordsworth is written in a natural, simple language that reflects the beauty and truth of life.

       In "Daffodils " Wordsworth's defination of poetry as the " spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings",is clearly illustrated . The poem reflects his emotional response to a field of Daffodils, joy and peace . According to poetic philosophy, poetry should come from deep and personal emotions and in a way that feels natural and relatable. The way words capture his emotional experience with the Daffodils.

The poem in the context of Wordsworth's poetic creed.

      Wordsworth is the first critic of his own poetic creed. Wordsworth's poetic creed, that he believed that poetry should be simple, focusing on everyday life and emotions. He thought that poetry should use clear and straightforward language. Nature is a powerful source of inspiration and that people more connected themselves . Poem talks about experiences or emotions and uses of simple language. This idea follows Wordsworth's poetic creed.

      For example, " The poem Daffodil",  this poem describes joy, memory and the easy language, for understanding. And focus on beauty of nature and happiness. Wordsworth believed that poetry should come from real experience.

William Wordsworth's statement :-

           William Wordsworth's quote "a language was thus insensibly produced, differing materially from the real language of men in any situation". He criticizes how poets before him used complicated or artificial language. Which is very different from how people speak. Wordsworth believed that complicated or artificial language is hard for people to understand.

           In his preface to Lyrical ballads, which he write with Coleridge and explaine his views, that 'real language of men ' means natural speech of common people. Coleridge believed that natural language is good, but in work some artificial language is also needed because it makes poetry nice. But Wordsworth argues that natural and stable language is connected with nature.

  

         For example, in poem "Solitary reaper" he used easy language to talk about deep and meaningful Ideas, showing that poetry doesn't need to be complicated to be powerful.

 

Wordsworth describes a poem as ' A man speaking to men, explain :-

          

            In preface to Lyrical ballads, William Wordsworth describes a poet as " A man speaking to men ". A man , it is true , endowed with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness. Wordsworth sees that the poet deeply communicates with others.

      

     Wordsworth emphasizes that a poet is connect with someone who related ordinary people, common people that experiences and emotions that everyone can related. 

     

          Wordsworth believes that poet have a strong ability to feel or notice emotions than other people. This sense express feeling in a more powerful way .

  

       Wordsworth also says that poet's bring a lot of passion in their work . This means they connect with subjects with deep emotions. Which makes their poetry more powerful.

       

          Wordsworth sees poetry as a shared experience, by saying that a poet is ' A man speaking to men '. Means that poet use their thoughts to connect with others, that everyone can understand and feel.

 Wordsworth claims that " poet has a greater knowledge of human nature".

            Wordsworth's claim that " A poet has a greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul, than one supposed to be common among mankind ". It means poet connect with human nature and they can feel the emotions more deeply.

 

           Wordsworth thinks that poet have knowledge about human nature . Because they connect with their emotions and others emotions. This makes their poetry powerful because they can express emotions and experience. Wordsworth share deep understanding with others.

Wordsworth said ' For all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings ' explain :-

        Wordsworth famously said , "for all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings". poetry is not something that should be forced it came naturally from the strong feelings that a poet experiences.

  

           Wordsworth believes that poetry should flow naturally. When a poet feels something deeply like joy, sadness, love and all emotions they write freely. It make poetry authentic and relatable.

        Wordsworth's best poetry is filled with deep emotions. He thinks that when a poet feels something strongly , he write poem and it's connect with readers because they can feel the poets emotion.

     In William Wordsworth's preface to Lyrical ballads, where this famous quote comes from, Wordsworth explains that poetry should be based on personal experience or true feelings. He believes that poetry is not just about fancy words or complicated Idea, it's about sharing emotions that everyone can related to .

 

     CONCLUSION :-

         Wordsworth's preface to Lyrical ballads, defines that poetry as an art form that is simple, emotional and realities of everyday life. This idea helped shape the romantic movement in literature. Which focus on emotions, nature and individual experience.

      

       

 Thank you !!

  

Refference : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374166117_William_Wordsworth'

  

Lake poet

https://www.wikipedia.org/This blog was crafted in response to an assignment by Megha Ma'am. In this blog I have described above the lack poet. How they became the lack poet, their work and about their lives and their contribution to literature.

 

LAKE  POET :- 

 

   The lake poets were group of English poet who lived in the lake district of England. In first half of the nineteenth century . They were known for their love of nature and their beautiful description of it in their poetry . They also explore people's feelings. And the most famous lack poet are 

• William Wordsworth
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge
• Robert southey 

    Where the three main lake poets. These three poets became the central figures of what became known as the lake school. Some of the other poets and writers associated with them included Dorothy Wordsworth, Charles lamb,Mary lamb and Hartley Coleridge. The lake poets represent the first generation of English romantic poet's, and definitely established a foundation for other poets of English Romanticism. Here we describe the most famous lake poet.

1) William Wordsworth :-

   William Wordsworth considered one of the most important lake poet. William Wordsworth, a central figure in the romantic movement, William Wordsworth ( Born - 7 April 1770 and died 23 April 1850 ) .

             (William Wordsworth)

        William Wordsworth was a English poet known for his deep admiration of nature and the beauty of natural world. Wordsworth 's poetry often reflects his belief in the healing and inspiring power of nature, as well as his focus on the experiences of ordinary people , here's a famous line from William Wordsworth's poem, ' I wandered lonely as a cloud '.

  

     "For oft, when on my couch I lie 

      In vacant or in pensive mood,

      They flash upon that inward eye

      Which is the bliss of solitude ".

        William Wordsworth, lived in two special houses that inspired his writing. First , he lived in Dove cottage in grasmere from 1799 to 1808, where he wrote many poems like "Daffodils ". Later he moved to Rydal mount in Rydal from 1813 until his death in 1850. Where he wrote his poems. Both houses are now museums that people can visit to learn about Wordsworth's life and work. They are special places that helped in his poetry and ideas about nature and life.                                                  

Rydal house

  *️⃣ His works :- 

        Some of his work we describe here,

  1.I wandered lonely as a cloud

  2.The Prelude

  3.the solitary reaper

  4.Ode to duty

  5.Lucy poems.

  6. Michael

  7.Lyrical ballads 

                       

 

1) I wandered lonely as a cloud ;-

       The poem sees a field of daffodil while walking alone , and flowers beauty he remember and later he wrote this poem . Poem I wandered lonely as a cloud based on theme of happiness and joy .

2) The prelude :-

     The prelude is long poem about Wordsworth's life and focus on nature and feelings from childhood to adulthood. These poem based on themes like personal growth and the influence of nature.

3) The solitary reaper :-

   The solitary poem about Wordsworth hear a woman singing while she work alone in a field . Poem's narrator can't understand what the girl is singing, but the song is beautyful.

4) Ode to duty :-

    In this poem William Wordsworth write about important to do what's right. The poem says that our duty is important, because it's all about the responsibilities and it's encourage us to do what's right. And ode to duty is follow themes is morality, self - discipline and personal growth.

5)  Lucy poems :-

     The Lucy poems are a series of five poem . 1) strange fits of passion have I know ,2) She dwelt among the untrodden ways , 3) I travelled among unknown men, 4) Three years she grew in sun and shower ,5) A slumber did my soul enfold . The Lucy poems are very beautiful and meaningful, talk about a mysterious woman named Lucy . And explore the themes like love , loss nature and death.

 6) Lyrical ballad :-

      Lyrical ballad is a poetry collection by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. That is the romantic movement in english literature. Lyrical ballad explores the theme like nature, human emotions and individual experience. In lyrical ballad's most famous poems are : The time of the ancient mariner and Tintern Abbey .

    

2) Samuel Taylor Coleridge :-

   
   Samuel Taylor Coleridge is a lake poet . Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an English poet , literary critic and philosopher . ( Born - 21 October 1772 Died- 25 July 1834 ) He was born in ottery st. Mary devon , England. 

         ( Samuel Taylor Coleridge)

      Coleridge  was the best poet in romantic age . He was the leader of romantic poetry. Samuel Taylor Coleridge believed that a true poet needs a strong imagination to create meaningful and original poetry. His poetry isn't just writing well, it's about nature , express feeling and emotions.

      ( Coleridge 's House)

       Coleridge 's life wasn't easy, he struggled with health problem. Even with these health problem Coleridge made a lasting impact on literature. He write many poems. Coleridge and his close friends William Wordsworth together, they published  ' Lyrical ballad '. 

  

       One of the Coleridge most famous work is " The time of the ancient mariner". A story about a sailor who faces supernatural events at sea. Another well - known poem is"Kubla khan " , which Coleridge said came to hom in a dream. These poem based on language that captures the reader's imagination. Coleridge also expressed his critical opinion in his poetry . And some of his most famous works include...

    1) Frost at midnight 

    2) The eolian harp  

    3) This lime - tree bower my     prison  

    4) France : An ode 

    5 ) Kubla khan

1) Frost at midnight :-

    In poem Frost at midnight samual Taylor Coleridge reflect on a quiet and peaceful winter night . When all are sleep, he was sit alone and remember his childhood memory when he was young he was daydreamer at school. 

2)  The Eolian harp :-

     In this poem Coleridge talk about, he and his wife sitting outside , and listening to wind playing a harp. They both enjoying nature and thoughts to deep ideas about nature , god and creativity. This poem shows how nature inspires his imagine.

3)  This lime - tree bower my prison:-

    This poem is about Coleridge 's feeling stuck at home while his friends are out enjoying nature , even though he can't join them , he uses his imagination to picture what they're seeing, finding peace in his thoughts.

4)  France : An ode :-

   Coleridge wrote this poem about his feeling toward the French revolution. At first, he was excited about the revolution because he thinks it is about freedom and change, but later he became disappointed when it turned violent and oppressive .

5) Kubla khan :- 

      Kubla khan is a poem about a powerful king who builds a beautiful palace called Xanadu . The place is in a stunning location with gardens, rivers and mountains. This poem is imagery to describe the palace , beauty, creativity and the human imagination.

3)  Robert southey :- 

       

  Robert southey was English poet, historian and essayist. Robert southey ( Born :- 12 August 1774 , Died 21 March 1843 ) remember as Lake poet , association with samual Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth. Both of whom were leaders of the early romantic movement. Southey spend much of his childhood at in the care of his aunt , Elizabeth Tyler .

    

 When he was young, southey supported the French revolution. He cared about social issues like poverty and against slavery. Southey was closely connected to William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, both of whom also lived in the lake district.

    

            ( Southey street )

     While Wordsworth and Coleridge are often more celebrated for their contributions to romantic poetry, southey 's influence of them , particularly in terms of Idea and themes was significant. Southey 's interest in history and social issues often found echoes in the work of his fellow lake poets. Southey was deeply inspired by the natural world. His work showed a strong interest in historical. His poetry and prose often explored the moral and ethical history, society and political reflecting. Some of his work are included.....

       His work :-

1) Thalaba the destroyer 

2) The curse of kehama

3) Madoc 

4) Roderick , the last of the goths 

5) The inchcape rock

1)  Thalaba the destroyer :-

     This is epic poem, a young arab hero who seeks to revenge his family's murder by defeating evil sorcerers . His journey is filled with challenges, including the death of his love , at the end having fulfilled his mission, dies peacefully.

2) The curse of kehama :-

      The curse of kehama is epic poem. A powerful king named Kehama who rules over a vast empire. The poem explores the theme of pride and ambition, morality and justice and human nature.

3) Madoc :-

      Madoc is poem about a welsh prince who sets sail for America in the 12th century. He wants to explore and settle in the new land , but things don't go smoothly. He meets the native people and tries to settle down, but they don't always get along, and bad things happen . At the end his adventure ends in tragedy.

4) Roderick, the last of the goths  :-

 

     A poem about a brave king named Roderick. He fights to protect his kingdom. Even though he loses the battle and has to leave his home . The poem tells the story of his journey and his sadness .

    

5) The inchcape rock :-

     In this poem a sailor named sir Ralph the rover ignores warning about the rock. He sails too close and his ship hits the rock, sinking. The poem describes the dramatic and tragic event. It ends with a warning to other sailors to beware of the inchcape rock. The poem Explore the theme of danger and warning  , nature's power and human error.

   Conclusion :-

     The lake poets William Wordsworth, samual Taylor Coleridge and robert southey were important figures in english literature during the romantic period. They focused on nature, emotions and imagination in their poetry. Together, they helped change english poetry, making it more personal and emotional. William Wordsworth wrote about the beauty of nature . Samuel Taylor Coleridge added a sense of mystery and the supernatural elements, explore the power of imagination. Southey was known for his social concerns and opposition to war .

Thank you 🙏

    

Reference :-

  https://www.wikipedia.org/

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lake-poet

Chat gpt

Ai

Socrates Method .

This blog was crafted in response to an assignment by Dr. Dilip sir Barad. In this blog describe about the Greek philosopher 'Socrates ', and his critical thinking or his socratic method.

*️⃣  SOCRATES :-

 "  Crito, we owe a cock to asclepius make this offering to him and do not forget. " 

                           ➖ Socrates

➡️ Socrates was born in Athens, in Greek . He was the first philosopher in that age. Socrates is the leader of "Western philosophy ". Socrates known for his contribution in philosophy and his questioning and find answer. He did not write any works. He teaching his student. He has two students who are :

            1)  Xenophon

            2) Plato

➡️ Socrates was witness during a time when Athens and sparta were fight . Socrates focus on exploring questions about life and ethics. Socrates was a foot soldier in the Athenian army .

➡️ Other side in Athens there is Oracle. Chaerephon asked the oracle , that who is intelligent in this earth? And oracle replied that Socrates is the intelligent person in earth. When Socrates know about this he can't believe and he ask questions everyone to figure out.

*️⃣ Socratic method :-

➡️  Socrates ask a question, and student tries to answer , it's help for the critically thinking. Because socrates is a intelligent and well-known philosopher.

➡️  One incident that Socrates entered a beauty competition in Athens,  Because he was focusing on physical beauty is silly and inner beauty was matter.

➡️ Socrates was put on trial because some people in Athens thinks that he was disrespecting the gods or misleading young. He also criticized the government, which made enemies. So, they decided to kill socrates with poisonous name Hemlock.

➡️ Socrates is believe in virtual knowledge. He never write a book but his ideas , methods and philosophy have impact on western literature. Socrates ideas, like self - knowledge was a great idea. And also many writers are influence by this idea.

*️⃣  The trial of Socrates (Plato's objection) :-

➡️   Socrates was put on trial in Athens and had to defend himself against charges . He explained himself, that " I am not a wise man, but I am searching for wisdom", and also that "I know that I know nothing".And also he said that,

 ➡️  " There is good hope that death is a blessing, for it is one of two things: either the dead are nothing and have no perception of anything , or it is as we are told , a change and a relocation for the soul from here to another place".

➡️ " I do not know, men of Athens, how my accusers affected you, as for me I was almost carried away in spite of myself , so persuasively did they speak. And yet, hardly anything of what they said it true ".

➡️All of these statements were given by Socrates when he was in the trial. When people can question him and he gives a philosophical statement.

*️⃣ Tools will help improve critical thinking : Erick wilberding :-

 ➡️  During the strike, when people were against Socrates, he asked many questions about the wise; after the questions, he found logic. Socrates talks about justice and injustice. Socrates tries to give his ideas to others.

*️⃣➡️ Socrates has focused on ethics. He developed the Socrates method because he believes that it is important for critical thinking. Socrates believes in authentic life and principles, his socratic thinking believes in critical thinking. Socrates was a very famous philosopher in Greek.

➡️ During the trial, he was very calm and confident ,and he also  refused to compromise his values. He refused to apologize for his actions because he believed that he had nothing to do wrong. When he accepts the death. He was the best philosopher, and he can do arguments well but at that time he can do normal argument for his defense.

 

 Thank you.

Comparative analysis of Chaucer, Spenser and Shakespeare.

  👉  This blog was crafted in response to an assignment by Dr. Dilip sir Barad. In this blog have comparative analysis of Geoffrey Chaucer, Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare.

   

 ⏩  Geoffrey Chaucer, Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare are central figures in English literature, each contributing uniquely through their poetic styles , themes , contributions to English literature and their influence in literary traditions .

 1) Geoffrey Chaucer :-

   

 

 ➡️ Geoffrey Chaucer was an English poet , author and civil servant. He best known for the "Canterbury Tales"  . He has been called ' Father of English literature '. In this topic discuss about his poetic style, themes, contribution to English language and their influence on subsequent literary traditions.

 *️⃣  Poetic style:- 

    

➡️ Geoffrey Chaucer's poetic style was innovation for his time. He wrote in middle English , which was most literature was in Latin or French. His style has humour and often satirical , showing up deep understanding of human nature and society. Chaucer's use of the common language made his work more approachable to a wider audience, helping to establish English as a literary language . His innovation approach to storytelling and character development set him apart as a literary innovator in the middle ages.

*️⃣  Themes :-

     ➡️  Geoffrey Chaucer's work especially his most famous work " Canterbury Tales " explore a variety of themes . 

1) Social class and society

2) Corruption and hypocrisy

3) Human nature and folly 

4) Love and relationship

5) Religion and morality

1) Social class and society :-

  ⏩   Chaucer also explore the importance of social status during his time. For example, the prioress and the parson have different views on this issue. The prioress is focused on social status and appearance, while the parson  values religions devotion over his social class.

2) Corruption and hypocrisy :-

⏩ Chaucer reveals that some characters , like the pardoner and the summoner act dishonest and selfishly. They pretend to be right and moral, but their actions show they are actually corrupt and insincere. This contrast highlights how they don't follow the principles they preach.

3) Human nature and folly :-

 ⏩ In his work , Chaucer explore the theme human nature and foolishness by showing the mistakes and weakness of his characters . Sometime greed or pride , making bad choices . It helps that everyone has flaws and can be foolish.

4) Love and relationship :- 

⏩ Chaucer's works explore various love and relationship themes, in his work "The wife of bath 's tale" . He shows how love can be complicated. In wife of bath believes that live and marriage are tools to use for personal and financial gain. On other side " The knight 's tale's view that live is all about pain , suffering and holding the beloved in a pedestal.

 3) Religion and morality :-

⏩ Religion and morality are central themes . In Canterbury Tales, he explore the theme religion and morality by showing different characters and their stories. He criticizes the corruption within the church by portraying some religion figures. Like pardoner and summoner. St the same time, Chaucer's stories showing how different people handle moral choices. Society think about and act on moral and religious ideas , both honesty and hypocritical.

 

*️⃣ Chaucer's work has impacted literature:-

   1) Establishment of middle       English

   2)Influence on the English   language

  3) Poetic form and structure

  4) Characterization and   storytelling

   5) Literary movements

  6) Translation and adaptation 

 *️⃣  Chaucer's influence in literary traditions :- 

    1) Medieval romance 

  2) English Renaissance

  3) Satire and social commentary   

  4) Drama and theater 

  5) poetic form and genre

 6) Literary regionalism 

 2) Edmund Spenser :-

➡️ Edmund Spenser (1552 - 1599) was a English poet, often regarded as one of the greatest poet of English Renaissance. He is best known for his epic poem " The faerie queene. "

 

 *️⃣  Poetic style :-

⏩  Edmund Spenser 's poetic style characterized by a many elements. He frequently used of allegory, using symbolic characters, events and setting to convey moral and philosophical themes. Classical influences are also evident, with Spenser drawing upon Greek and Roman poetry, use of elements like mythology, allusion and poetic form . Spenser 's innovation use of the spenserian stanza, create a sense of flow and drama . His poetry explores moral and philosophical ideas , like the nature of virtue and the human condition, leaving a lasting impact on English literature.

 

 *️⃣ Themes :-

  ⏩ Edmund Spenser 's writing style explores various themes, including,

1) morality and virtue

2) Love and chastity

3)Good vs. Evil

4) Nature and the seasons

5) Time and morality

6) Faith and spirituality

7) Human nature and psychology

1) Morality and virtue :-

 ⏩ Spenser examines the nature of virtue, morality and ethics , often using allegory to convey moral lessons and explore the human condition. He considers the importance of living a virtuous life , and the role of morality in shaping human experience.

2)  Love and chastity :- 

 ⏩ Love , desire and chastity are main frequent themes in spenser's poetry , as he explore the human relationships, the nature of love and the importance of chastity. He often used allegory and symbolism to represent the various forms of love.

3) Good vs. Evil :- 

⏩  The struggle between good and evil is a repeated themes in spenser's work, with the poet using and explore the nature of evil, the importance of virtue in overcoming evil 

4) Nature and the seasons :-

⏩ Spenser often uses nature imagery to explore the cycles of life, death . He considers the changing season, the natural world and the human experience, often drawing parallels between the nature and human realms .

5)  Time and morality :- 

  ⏩ The passage of time and morality are common themes in spenser's poetry, as he reflects on the fleeting nature and human existence . He considered the important of living a virtuous life .

6) Faith and spirituality :-

⏩ Spenser 's work often explores religion and spiritual themes, including the nature of God , faith and redemption. He considers the role of religion in shaping human experience, the importance of faith and the nature of spiritual growth and development.

7) Human nature and psychology :-

⏩ Spenser 's poetry examines human emotions, motivations and weaknesses and insight into the human condition. He explores the human psychology nature of emotions and the role of reason in shaping human experience.

 *️⃣ Spenser 's contribution in literature :-

1) Establishing the English epic 

2) Developing allegory

3) Influencing the English language 

4) Shaping the literary Renaissance

5) Creating a national epic

6) Inspiring later writers

7) Developing the spenserian.     stanza 

*️⃣ Influences on subsequent literary traditions:-

 1) Influencing John Milton: 

↔️  Edmund Spenser 's epic style and allegorical technique influenced milton's "paradise lost ."

2) shaping the romantic modernist movement :

↔️ Edmund Spenser 's focus on nature, imagination and emotion influenced romantic poet like William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge.

3) Inspiring Alexander pope :

↔️ Edmund Spenser's use of allegory and satire influenced Pope's "The rape of lock ".

4) Influence of gothic novel : 

↔️ Edmund Spenser's use of fantastical and supernatural elements influenced the development of the gothic novel.

5) Shaping the modernists movement:

↔️ Edmund Spenser 's experiment with language and form influenced modernist poet like T.s. Eliot and Ezra pound.

3) William Shakespeare :-

William Shakespeare (1564 -1616) was an English playwright, poet . And regarded as one of the greatest writers in English language.

*️⃣ Poetic style :-

⏩ William Shakespeare's poetic style is characterized by complex metaphors, rich imagery and blank verse , which creates a natural, speech like rhythm, like music , that makes his word sound nice and engaging. He also uses alliteration, repeating sounds, to make his words fun to say and hear. He add depth and humor to his writing. Through his poetry, he tells stories that explore human emotions and experience, and often uses nature to describe feelings and ideas. His imagination that continues to inspire and delight readers to this day .

*️⃣ Themes :-

  ⏩ Shakespeare's work and poetry explore many timeless themes, including:

 1) Love and passion

 2) Power and corruption

 3) Identity and self -discovery

 4) Morality and ethics 

 5) Appearance vs. Reality

 6) social hierarchy and class

1) Love and passion :-

⏩ Shakespeare's plays and poem focus on love and strong feelings. He writes about romantic love , desire and the ups and downs of relationship. His work shows how love can bring happiness and sadness how strong emotions can sometimes lead to trouble. He explore all kinds of love , from true romance to obsessive passion, in plays like Romeo and Juliet and Othello.

2) power and corruption:-

 ⏩ Shakespeare's stories often explore how power can change people and lead to corruption. He shows how desire for power and control can make people do bad things , destroy relationship and trust, bring out the worst in individuals. Through plays like Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar . 

3) identify and self - discovery :-

⏩ Shakespeare's stories often explore how people figure out who they are  and where they belong. He writes about characters who question their own identities , struggle with sel iif doubt, navigate complex relationship and societal expectations and search for their place in the world. Through plays like Hamlet , Twelfth night , A midsummer night's dream Shakespeare shows how people discover their true selves and the journey of self - discovery.

4) Morality and ethics :-

⏩ Shakespeare's stories often explore complex moral issues and ethical dilemmas , making us think about right and wrong, good an evil. Through the play like Macbeth , Othello, Shakespeare examines  flawed characters making tough decisions, societal pressure and personal responsibility. consider the impact of our actions on ourselves and others. By exploring morality and ethics.

5) Appearance vs. reality :- 

⏩ Shakespeare's stories and poem often explore the difference between how things seem and how they really are.  It's like wearing a mask or costume that hides the truth. He shows that beautiful things can be ugly inside, things are not always as they seem. in poem or sonnets he wrote about beauty vs. Ugliness, true vs. false appearance.

6)  Social hierarchy and class :-

 ⏩ Shakespeare's works often explore social hierarchy and class, portraying a world where people are divided into group like rich, poor, nobles and commoners. His work reveals about how this affected their lives , relationship and opportunities. He highlight the struggles and conflicts that come from these social differences.

 *️⃣ Contribution in literature :-

 1) Innovative language

 2) Dramatic structure

 3) Character design

 4) Exploration of human nature

 5) Theater and performance

 6) Timeless appeal

*️⃣ Influences on subsequent literary traditions :-

 ⏩ William Shakespeare's influences on subsequent literary traditions are vast and profound. Here are some examples:-

 1) Romanticism :-

 ↔️ His emphasis on emotions, imagination and individualism inspired romantic poet's like Wordsworth, Coleridge and Keats .

2) Realism :- 

↔️ His realistic portrayals of life and characters influenced the development of realist literature, seen in authors like Dickens and Austen.

3)  Symbolism :- 

↔️ His use of symbolism and metaphor inspired symbolist poet like T. s.eliot and W.b. Yeats.

4) Gothic fiction :-

 ↔️ His use of dramatic and supernatural elements influenced the development of gothic fiction, seen in authors like Mary Shelley and Edgar Allan poe .

*️⃣ Comparative analysis of Geoffrey Chaucer, Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare :-

⏩ Here a comparative analysis of Chaucer, Spenser and Shakespeare.

*️⃣ Similarities :-

    ▪️ All three were English poets and playwright

  ▪️ Influenced by classical literature and mythology

  ▪️ Explore themes of love , morality and human nature 

▪️ Used verse and poetic devices to convey meaning.

*️⃣ Differences :-

 ⏩   Style :-

  ▪️ Chaucer :-   Chaucer is known for his use of middle English and his pioneering of the vernacular in literature. His work is characterized by a rich tapestry of characters and commentary.

▪️ Edmund Spenser :- Spenser 's style is noted for its elaborate allegory and rich , archaic diction. He wrote in a form known as spenserian stand, which he invented.

▪️ William Shakespeare :-  His writing style is renowned for its profound explanation of human nature and it's innovative use of the English language. His plays including a mix of genres such as tragedy, comedy and history.

 ⏩ Themes :-

  ⚪ Chaucer :- 

 ▪️ Chaucer's writing explore  the role of chance and fortune in life . 

▪️ The nature of reality and illusion

▪️ The power of language and storytelling

▪️ The importance of community and social bond .

 ⚪ Edmund Spenser :- 

 ▪️   The struggle between virtue and vice 

▪️ The nature of evil and temptation

▪️ The importance of moral education and training

▪️ The role of the individual in society

⚪ William Shakespeare:-

  ▪️ The complexity of human identity and selfhood 

▪️ The nature of truth and deception

▪️ The power of dynamics of gender and sexuality

▪️ The impact of history and politics on individual lives .

 

*️⃣ Conclusion :-

 ⏩ Geoffrey Chaucer, Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare are three literary writers who shaped English literature with their unique style and themes. Chaucer introduce vernacular English, Spenser developed allegory and Shakespeare explored human complexity, leaving a lasting impact on literature and art .